The PM SHRI Schools initiative, launched in 2022, aims to transform government schools into “model” institutions aligned with the National Education Policy (NEP 2020). However, teachers report that the program has increased administrative burdens and reporting demands, often overshadowing actual teaching and learning.
PM SHRI Scheme Faces Criticism Over Focus on Visibility
Teachers at PM SHRI schools describe a shift from educational focus to compliance. “What changed was not the style of education,” said Manjula Ravina*, a teacher in Karnataka. “What changed was who we answer to. Now everything moves upwards like reports, photographs, dashboards. Teaching became secondary.”
The PM SHRI initiative selects existing government schools, including Kendriya Vidyalayas and state-run institutions, for upgrades. The goal is to exemplify NEP 2020 reforms. Many converted schools, however, show minimal tangible changes beyond branding, according to educators.
Dhrithi Manu*, a PM SHRI teacher in Karnataka, stated the scheme has become a “test of how far centralisation can go.” Unlike previous programs that strengthened the school system, PM SHRI operates through selection and conditions. States must sign agreements and align with central formats to receive funds.
This approach, critics argue, prioritizes compliance over pedagogical needs. A teacher bluntly called it a “Modi mahal. Big boards, big words, but very little space to ask whether the child is actually learning.”
Administrative Burden Over Infrastructure Needs
Principals report that routine administrative tasks consume significant time. “We have monthly and quarterly meetings to discuss ‘progress’, and we spend a huge amount of time submitting reports,” said one principal, who requested anonymity. “But the real problems are far more basic. Water facilities and clean toilets remain the biggest challenges.” Leaking roofs and non-functional computers due to inadequate electricity and internet are cited as persistent issues.
The scheme requires schools to have ICT labs and smart classrooms. However, many of these facilities remain underutilized due to infrastructure gaps. Teachers often use their own funds for required teaching materials, as reimbursement processes are slow and rigid.
While the scheme aims to upgrade schools, the necessary conditions for success are not consistently met. “Out of maybe 50 schools, around 15 are doing well,” the principal noted. “Where funding, leadership, staff strength, electricity, water, and internet connectivity come together, you can see real improvement.”
Increased Monitoring and State Pushback
The PM SHRI initiative brings an “unprecedented level of monitoring.” Funding is tied to strict compliance and digital reporting. Teachers report pressure to meet format demands, with the fear of funding being withheld.
In states like Tamil Nadu and Kerala, which have reservations about NEP 2020, there has been resistance. Tamil Nadu has refused to sign the memorandum of understanding, citing concerns about state autonomy in curriculum and language policies. Kerala has adopted a cautious approach, stating its public schools already meet many PM SHRI benchmarks.
Some teachers feel the scheme blurs professional boundaries. “Earlier, my job was to teach and mentor students,” said a senior teacher. “Now I am also a data operator, a compliance officer and a public relations worker for the school.” The emphasis on “photos, dashboards and proof of activity” overshadows assessment of student learning.
Student Experiences and Central Schools
Students report that data collection, including repeated requests for Aadhaar details, often interrupts class time. While some infrastructure upgrades are visible, only a limited number of smart classrooms are functional, requiring students to rotate spaces.
Kendriya Vidyalayas and Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas were often automatically included. Teachers in these schools report that long-standing issues like teacher vacancies and uneven monitoring persist. JNVs show visible administrative discipline, but the residential model intensifies pressure.
Education NGOs suggest PM SHRI has created a “showcase” that mistakes visibility for depth. “Reform cannot be a photograph. It has to be something that survives long after the inspection team leaves,” stated a former PM SHRI teacher. However, some acknowledge that the structure has brought administrative order to poorly managed schools.