The Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) has developed and successfully tested ramjet-assisted artillery shells. These shells can extend the firing range of conventional gun systems by nearly 50%. The innovation significantly advances India’s indigenous defence technology. Trials concluded with the Indian Army in late 2025 .
About the Technology
IIT Madras researchers integrated a ramjet engine into a standard 155 mm artillery shell. This new design replaces the shell’s conventional base-bleed unit. The ramjet system enhances the reach of multiple artillery systems currently in service. The objective was to enhance range without changing existing gun platforms, according to IIT Madras.
How Ramjet Shells Work
Unlike rocket-assisted projectiles or aerodynamic upgrades, the ramjet provides sustained propulsion. This propulsion starts after the shell exits the gun barrel. It allows the shell to travel much farther. The technology maintains destructive effectiveness on target. This contrasts with methods offering only short-term boosts.
Extended Range Capabilities
The ramjet technology significantly increases the reach of various artillery systems in service with the Indian Army. Specific range improvements are detailed below:
| Gun System | Current Range (km) | Ramjet Range (km) |
|---|---|---|
| Bofors/ULH (39 calibre) | 24 | 43 |
| Dhanush (45 calibre) | 30 | 55 |
| Vajra (52 calibre) | 36 | 62 |
| ATAGS (52 calibre) | 40 | 70 |
This system offers a cost-effective alternative to missile platforms. It retains artillery’s tactical flexibility. It also provides deeper strike capability for battlefield operations.
Trial and Collaboration
The project began in 2020 . It involved a collaboration between IIT Madras and the Indian Army. Initial concept validation used a 76 mm gun at IIT Madras. This was followed by scaled tests on 155 mm guns.
Field trials occurred in September 2025 at the School of Artillery, Deolali. Subsequent tests took place in December 2025 at the Pokhran Field Firing Range. These trials demonstrated stable flight and clean gun exit. Successful ramjet ignition was also confirmed. "The trials confirmed that extended range can be achieved without diluting battlefield impact," IIT Madras stated.
Future Outlook
PA Ramakrishna, project leader and aerospace engineering faculty at IIT Madras, commented on the technology’s potential. He stated the ramjet shells could "change battlefield dynamics." He added that artillery units could engage targets at greater distances. This avoids the need for new gun systems or costly missile platforms.
Researchers are also exploring adapting this technology for rockets. The program shows how academic research, aligned with operational requirements, can strengthen national security. It modernises existing military systems without replacing them.