A new Class 8 NCERT social science textbook identifies corruption, a large backlog of cases, and a shortage of judges as key challenges facing India’s judicial system. The revised textbook, titled ‘The Role of the Judiciary in Our Society’, expands beyond explaining court structures to address these systemic issues.
Judicial System Challenges Identified
The textbook chapter on ‘Corruption in the Judiciary’ states that corruption exists at multiple levels. For poorer citizens, this can create barriers to accessing justice. Efforts are underway at both state and national levels to improve transparency and public trust. These initiatives include using technology and taking quick action against corruption.
Judges must follow a code of conduct. This code governs their behavior both inside and outside the courtroom.
Case Backlog Statistics
The textbook provides figures on the number of pending cases. These statistics highlight the scale of the backlog.
| Court Level | Approximate Pending Cases |
|---|---|
| Supreme Court | 81,000 |
| High Courts | 62.40 lakh (6.24 million) |
| District and Subordinate Courts | 4.70 crore (47 million) |
Accountability and Grievance Redressal
Internal mechanisms exist to hold the judiciary accountable. The textbook mentions the Centralised Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (CPGRAMS). This system receives complaints from the public.
Between 2017 and 2021 , over 1,600 complaints were processed through CPGRAMS. This data illustrates the volume of public feedback received.
Impact on Public Confidence
Instances of corruption and misconduct within the judiciary can reduce public trust. The textbook quotes former Chief Justice of India, B.R. Gavai. He stated in July 2025 that rebuilding trust requires swift, decisive, and transparent action.
Gavai emphasized that transparency and accountability are essential democratic values. Addressing these issues is crucial for the judiciary’s integrity.